Find the main clause before adding the insertion
Start from Die Frage betrifft die Kosten. When a relative clause is inserted after Frage, mark its beginning and end. A participial description inside the noun phrase has a different structure and does not automatically need the same commas.
Die Frage, die noch offen ist, betrifft die Kosten.
The question that remains open concerns the costs.
Distinguish an infinitive clause from a complex predicate
Under the 2024 rules, the expanded infinitive clause in Sie plant, den Text heute zu lesen is set off. In Der Text scheint vollständig zu sein, the infinitive belongs to the predicate with scheint and is not separated. Unexpanded infinitives and ambiguous constructions require closer analysis.
Er hofft, den Text heute abzuschließen.
He hopes to finish the text today.
Close an added description before returning to the main assertion
A supplementary description of an already identified person is set off on both sides. Parentheses can also mark additional information. Punctuation makes structure visible; a spoken pause alone is not a reliable comma rule.
Mila, die Projektleiterin, erläutert den Plan.
Mila, the project manager, explains the plan.
Practise this pattern
The matching block includes guided questions, a separate mastery check and spaced review. The first 10 blocks and two samples at each higher level are free; other blocks require course access or an eligible seven-day trial. These tasks practise specific grammar patterns and do not certify a complete language level.
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References
Original explanations and examples informed by grammar references. Level placement is an editorial teaching choice.