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GERMAN GRAMMAR · A2

German passive: wird geöffnet or ist geöffnet?

Use werden plus a past participle for a process: Die Tür wird geöffnet. Use sein in the taught state pattern: Die Tür ist geöffnet. The affected subject controls verb agreement.

Make the affected thing the subject

The passive lets you focus on what happens to something. The person doing the work can remain unmentioned without being unknown.

Das Auto wird repariert.

The car is being repaired.

Use a participle, not an infinitive

A present process passive combines conjugated werden with a past participle. Learn forms such as repariert, geöffnet and geschlossen with their verbs.

Das Geschäft wird um acht geöffnet.

The shop is opened at eight.

Agree with the passive subject

Third-person singular takes wird; plural takes werden. The participle stays the same. Being affected by an action does not prevent a phrase from being the grammatical subject.

Die Autos werden repariert.

The cars are being repaired.

Separate a process from a state

A process describes an event; a state describes how something is. In the introductory door example, wird geöffnet describes opening and ist geöffnet describes the open state.

Das Geschäft ist geöffnet.

The shop is open.

Man offers an active alternative

An active sentence with man can leave the actor unspecified too. It takes a third-person singular verb, even when several people may perform the work.

Man repariert hier Autos.

They repair cars here.

Practise this pattern

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References

Original teaching prose and examples, informed by these grammar references. A2 placement is an editorial curriculum choice, not a CEFR certification.