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GERMAN GRAMMAR · B1

German word formation: compound gender and useful suffixes

In the ordinary noun compounds taught here, the last element determines the gender and basic category: a Haustür is a kind of Tür. Derivational suffixes such as -ung, -heit and -keit form feminine nouns. The structure matters, not just the last letters.

Read a compound from its final element

The first part narrows the meaning of the last. Knowing the components helps, but the conventional meaning and plural still belong to the whole dictionary word. Linking elements can appear between parts, so the join is not always a bare concatenation.

Das Arbeitszimmer ist klein. Die Haustür ist offen.

The study is small. The front door is open.

A spelling ending is not necessarily a suffix

The derivational suffix in die Anmeldung is a useful gender clue. Der Sprung has the same final three letters but is not formed with that suffix. Use the actual word structure, and check the dictionary when a word is unfamiliar.

Die Freiheit ist wichtig.

Freedom is important.

Learn the whole prefix verb

A word family groups related vocabulary, but a prefix cannot always be assigned one fixed meaning. Einkaufen is separable, while verkaufen is inseparable. Learn the verb’s meaning, clause behaviour and participle together.

Nora kauft ein. Tim verkauft sein Fahrrad.

Nora goes shopping. Tim sells his bicycle.

Practise this pattern

The matching block includes guided questions, a separate mastery check and spaced review. The first 10 blocks and two samples at each higher level are free; other blocks require course access or an eligible seven-day trial. These tasks practise specific grammar patterns and do not certify a complete language level.

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References

Original explanations and examples informed by grammar references. Level placement is an editorial teaching choice.