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GERMAN GRAMMAR · C1

German long noun phrases: participles, genitives and clear relative clauses

Find the head noun and work out which words modify it. A participial attribute can often become a relative clause, but keep its time, participants and uncertainty unchanged. The participle still takes the adjective ending required by its article and case.

Find the end of the attribute

In mit dem gestern veröffentlichten Bericht, the time expression modifies the participle, while -en follows the ordinary adjective pattern after a dative definite article. The length of the description does not create a new ending rule.

Wir vergleichen die im April veröffentlichten Berichte.

We compare the reports published in April.

Not every past participle is passive

A published report corresponds to a report that was published. But die eingegangenen Anträge refers to applications that have arrived: die Anträge, die eingegangen sind. Identify the verb and its use before turning every participle into a passive clause.

Die heute eingegangenen Anträge werden morgen bearbeitet.

The applications received today will be processed tomorrow.

Make a disputed attachment explicit

A prepositional phrase after several nouns can have more than one plausible attachment. Decide what the author intends before editing. A relative clause can locate an investigation explicitly without implying that the report itself was written in that place.

Der Text beschreibt eine Untersuchung, die in einer Schule stattfand.

The text describes an investigation that took place in a school.

Do not add a researcher who was never named

A phrase identifying data collected in a particular month does not name the collector. An expanded passive relative clause preserves that absence. Adding a named team might make a fluent sentence, but it would also add a fact unsupported by the original.

Die Daten, die im April erhoben wurden, sind noch unvollständig.

The data that were collected in April are still incomplete.

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References

Original explanations and examples informed by grammar references. Level placement is an editorial teaching choice.